For each form: (a) Identify as IC or another form (Imperative / Imperfect / Perfect), (b) Root, (c) Root class, (d) Preposition (if any), (e) Function (Purpose / Temporal-when / Temporal-as / Complementary / Quotative / Until / From). Click ▶ Answer to reveal; click again to hide.
All forms are Qal IC. Identify root, class, preposition, and function.
| # | Form | IC or other? | Root | Root Class | Prep | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | לִ/שְׁמֹר | ||||||
| IC · שמר · Strong A · לְ · Purpose/Complementary — Most common IC pattern; shewa + holem | |||||||
| 2 | לִ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ | ||||||
| IC · שמע · Strong B (gutt. R3) · לְ · Purpose/Complementary — Patach at R3 (ע) | |||||||
| 3 | כִּ/שְׁמֹ֣עַ | ||||||
| IC · שמע · Strong B (gutt.) · כְּ · Temporal (when/as) — "when/as he heard"; כְּ + IC = temporal | |||||||
| 4 | בִּ/זְכֹר | ||||||
| IC · זכר · Strong A · בְּ · Temporal (when) — "when/while he remembered" | |||||||
| 5 | לִ/כְתֹב | ||||||
| IC · כתב · Strong A · לְ · Purpose — "to write" | |||||||
| 6 | לֵ/אמֹר | ||||||
| IC · אמר · I-aleph · לְ · Quotative — ~2,600× OT; follows verbs of speech; "saying" | |||||||
| 7 | לֶ/אֱכֹל | ||||||
| IC · אכל · I-aleph · לְ · Purpose/Complementary — "to eat"; hateph under aleph; ל + chateph = seghol | |||||||
| 8 | מֵ/עֲשׂוֹת | ||||||
| IC · עשה · III-ה + I-gutt. · מִן · From/cessation — "from doing"; וֹת ending | |||||||
All forms are Qal IC. Identify root, class, preposition, and function.
| # | Form | Root | Root Class | Prep | Function | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | לִ/רְאוֹת | |||||
| ראה · III-ה · לְ · Purpose — "to see"; וֹת ending; tsere often: לִרְאֹת | ||||||
| 10 | לַ/עֲשׂוֹת | |||||
| עשה · III-ה + I-gutt. · לְ · Purpose/Complementary — Chateph under ע; וֹת ending | ||||||
| 11 | הֱיוֹת | |||||
| היה · III-ה · — (bare) · Verbal noun/Complementary — "being / to be"; hateph-seghol under ה | ||||||
| 12 | לָ/בֹא | |||||
| בוא · Biconsonantal · לְ · Purpose/Complementary — "to come/enter"; holem-waw; ל takes qamets | ||||||
| 13 | לָ/שׁוּב | |||||
| שוב · Biconsonantal · לְ · Purpose/Complementary — "to return"; full shureq | ||||||
| 14 | לָ/מוּת | |||||
| מות · Biconsonantal · לְ · Purpose — "to die"; full shureq | ||||||
| 15 | בְּ/בֹא | |||||
| בוא · Biconsonantal · בְּ · Temporal (when) — "when he/she came"; בְּ + IC temporal clause | ||||||
Some forms may be IC; others may be Imperative, Imperfect, or Perfect. Identify each correctly.
| # | Form | IC or other? | Root | Root Class | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 16 | לֶ/כֶת | |||||
| IC · הלך · I-י — "to go"; contracted form; seghol-taw; ל fused into form | ||||||
| 17 | לָ/שֶׁ/בֶת | |||||
| IC · ישב · I-י — "to dwell/sit"; seghol-taw; yod drops; לָ prefix | ||||||
| 18 | צֵאת | |||||
| IC · יצא · I-י + III-א — "going out"; bare IC with taw ending; aleph quiesces; tsere diagnostic | ||||||
| 19 | תֵּת | |||||
| IC · נתן · I-נ — "to give"; both nuns drop; very short form; tsere on taw | ||||||
| 20 | לָ/דַ/עַת | |||||
| IC · ידע · I-י — "to know"; patach + ayin + taw; dagesh forte in dalet | ||||||
| 21 | שְׁמֹר | |||||
| Ambiguous · שמר · Strong A — IC or Imperative 2ms; if follows preposition = IC; if command = Imper. | ||||||
| 22 | שְׁמֹ֣עַ | |||||
| Ambiguous · שמע · Strong B (gutt.) — IC or Imperative 2ms; same form; context distinguishes | ||||||
| 23 | לֶ/כֶת | |||||
| IC · הלך · I-י — Cannot be Imperative (Imper. is לֵךְ/לֶךְ without taw); taw = IC diagnostic | ||||||
| 24 | יִשְׁמֹר | |||||
| Imperfect · שמר · Strong A — יִ– prefix = Imperfect; not IC (IC has no prefix) | ||||||
| 25 | שָׁמַר | |||||
| Perfect 3ms · שמר · Strong A — Qamets + patach = Perfect 3ms; not IC | ||||||